Ammunition - Wikipedia. A belt of 0. 5. 0 caliber ammunition loaded to an M2 Browning. Every fifth round with a red tip is an M2. Ammunition (noun, commonly shortened to ammo) is the general term used for the material fired, scattered, dropped or detonated from any weapon. The term ammunition can be traced back to the mid- 1.
The word comes from the French la munition, which refers to the material used for war. The terms ammunition and munitions are often used interchangeably, although the term munition now usually refers to the actual weapons system with the ammunition required to operate it. The most iconic example of ammunition is the firearm cartridge, which includes all components required to deliver the weapon effect in a single package. Ammunition comes in a great range of sizes and types and is often designed to work only in specific weapons systems. However, there are internationally recognized standards for certain ammunition types (e.
There are also specific types of ammunition that are designed to have a specialized effect on a target, such as armor- piercing shells and tracer ammunition, used only in certain circumstances. Ammunition is commonly colored in a specific manner to assist in the identification and to prevent the wrong ammunition types from being used accidentally. Glossary. Before the mid- 1. However, since that time, they are more often filled with high- explosives (see artillery). A shot refers to a single release of a weapons system. This may involve firing just one round or piece of ammunition (e. A dud refers to loaded ammunition that fails to function as intended, typically failing to detonate on landing.
However, it can also refer to ammunition that fails to fire inside the weapon, known as a misfire, or when the ammunition only partially functions, known as a hang fire. Dud ammunition, which is classified as an unexploded ordnance (UXO), is regarded as highly dangerous.
In former conflict zones, it is not uncommon for dud ammunition to remain buried in the ground for many years. Large quantities of ammunition from World War I continue to be regularly found in fields throughout France and Belgium and occasionally still claim lives. Although classified as an unexploded ordnance, landmines that have been left behind after conflict are not considered duds as they have not failed to work and may still be fully functioning and simply forgotten.
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Any finds of unexploded ordnance or ammunition should be reported to the authorities immediately as it may not be possible to accurately assess whether it is a dud simply by looking at it. A bomb, or more specifically a guided or unguided bomb (also called an aircraft bomb or aerial bomb), is typically an airdropped, unpowered explosive weapon. Mines and the warheads used in guided missiles and rockets are also referred to as bomb- type ammunition. Historically, ammunition was of relatively simple design and build (e. Modern ammunition can vary significantly in quality but is usually manufactured to very high standards. For example, ammunition for hunting can be designed to expand inside the target, maximizing the damage inflicted by a single round. Anti- personnel shells are designed to fragment into many pieces and can affect a large area.
Armor- piercing rounds are specially hardened to penetrate armor, while smoke ammunition covers an area with a fog that screens people from view. More generic ammunition (e. The spelling is different in British English and American English (fuse/fuze respectively) and they are unrelated from a fuse (electrical). A fuse was earlier used to ignite the propellant (e. The fuze of a weapon can be used to alter how the ammunition works. For example, a common artillery shell fuze can be set to 'point detonation' (detonation when it hits the target), delay (detonate after it has hit and penetrated the target), time- delay (explode a specified time after firing or impact) and proximity (explode above or next to a target without hitting it, such as for airburst effects or anti- aircraft shells). These allow a single ammunition type to be altered to suit the situation it is required for.
There are many designs of a fuze, ranging from simple mechanical to complex radar and barometric systems. Fuzes are usually armed by the acceleration force of firing the projectile, and usually arm several meters after clearing the bore of the weapon. This helps to ensure the ammunition is safer to handle when loading into the weapon and reduces the chance of the detonator firing before the ammunition has cleared the weapon. Propellant or explosive. Before the use of gunpowder, this energy would have been produced mechanically by the weapons system (e. Stream I HATED 2016 online with english subtitles in 1440p. In recent years, compressed gas, magnetic energy and electrical energy have been used as propellants.
Until the 2. 0th- century, gunpowder was the most common propellant in ammunition. However, it has since been replaced by a wide range of high explosive compounds that are more reliable and efficient.
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The propellant charge is distinct from the projectile charge which is activated by the fuze, which causes the ammunition effect (e. Cartridge case or container. Not all ammunition types have a cartridge case. In its place, a wide range of materials can be used to contain the explosives and parts. Los Desorientados streaming in english with english subtitles 4320p. With some large weapons, the ammunition components are stored separately until loaded into the weapon system for firing.
With small arms, caseless ammunition can reduce the weight and cost of ammunition, and simplify the firing process for increased firing rate, but the maturing technology has functionality issues. Projectile. This effect is usually either kinetic (e. Storage. Ammunition is carried on the person in box magazines specific to the weapon, ammo boxes, pouches or bandoliers.
The amount of ammo carried is dependent on the strength of the soldier, the expected action required, and the ability of ammunition to move forward through the logistical chain to replenish the supply. A soldier may also carry a smaller amount of specialized ammunition for heavier weapons such as machine guns and mortars, spreading the burden for squad weapons over many people. Too little ammunition poses a threat to the mission, while too much limits the soldier's mobility. There are many different types of artillery ammunition, but they are usually high- explosive and designed to shatter into pieces of shrapnel on impact to maximize damage. The fuze used on an artillery shell can alter how it explodes or behaves so it has a more specialized effect. Common types of artillery ammunition include high explosive, smoke, illumination, and practice rounds. Some artillery rounds are designed as cluster munitions.
Artillery ammunition will almost always include a projectile (the only exception being demonstration/blank rounds), fuze and propellant of some form. When a cartridge case is not used, there will be some other method of containing the propellant explosion, usually a breech- loading weapon. Tank ammunition was developed in WWI as tanks first appeared on the battlefield. However, as tank- on- tank warfare developed (including the development of anti- tank artillery), more specialized forms of ammunition were developed such as high- explosive anti- tank warheads and armor- piercing discarding sabot rounds. The development of shaped charges has had a significant impact on anti- tank ammunition design, now common on both tank- fire ammunition and in anti- tank missiles. Modern naval engagements have taken place over much larger distances than historic battles, so as ship armor has increased in strength and thickness, the ammunition to defeat it has also changed.
Naval ammunition is now designed to reach very high velocities (to improve its armor- piercing capabilities) and may have specialized fuzes for defeating specific types of vessels. However, due to the extended ranges at which modern naval combat may take place, guided missiles have largely supplanted guns and shells. Aircraft and anti- aircraft ammunition. As soon as projectiles were required (such as javelins and arrows), there needed to be a method of replenishment. When non- specialized, interchangeable or recoverable ammunition was used (e. However, with the advent of explosive or non- recoverable ammunition, this was no longer possible and new supplies of ammunition would be needed. The weight of ammunition required, particularly for artillery shells, can be considerable, causing a need for extra time to replenish supplies.
In modern times, there has been an increase in the standardization of many ammunition types between allies (e. NATO Standardization Agreement) that has allowed for shared ammunition types (e. Since 2. 01. 0, this has eliminated over 2.